shake
英 [ʃeɪk]
美 [ʃek]
- vt. 动摇；摇动；震动；握手
- vi. 动摇；摇动；发抖
- n. 摇动；哆嗦
助记提示
1. 咱们汉字有简化现象或者说简化阶段、英语也是如此，这是语言为了更易于学习、交流与书写而简化的演变规律和趋势。很多或者说绝大部分古英语单词都进行了简化，比如单词中的双元音组合简化为单元音，单词尾部的后缀省略或者简化为-e. 比如：在古英语中很多动词的后缀为-an, 现在都一律简化为-e, 在古英语中动词的过去式和过去分词就是就是在原形单词的基础上进行元音音变，比如-an结尾的动词，其过去分词就是将-an变为-en, 这就是为什么现在一些的不规则动词的过去分词是以-en结尾的，因为它们保留为古英语的习惯而继承了下来。
2. Old English: sceacan => scoc => scacen.
3. shake => shook => shaken.
4. 语言是文化交流与传承的工具，那么它与其它普通的工具一样，在不影响其正常功能的前提下，是越简单越好。所以语言在其向前发展的过程的会逐渐简化，因为他们都有一个共同的目的，那就是更易于学习、交流与书写。这是语言向前发展的普遍规律和趋势。
中文词源
shake 摇晃，摇出，抖动，握手来自古英语 sceacan,摇动，摇晃，来自 Proto-Germanic*skakana,摇动，摇摆，来自 PIE*skek, 摇动，摇晃，词源同 shag,shock.
英文词源
- shake
- shake: [OE] Shake is a general Germanic verb, although today its only surviving relatives are Swedish skaka and Norwegian skage. It comes from a prehistoric Germanic *skakan, which goes back to the Indo-European base *skeg-, *skek- (source also of Sanskrit khajati ‘agitate, churn’ and Welsh ysgogi ‘move’).
- shake (v.)
- Old English sceacan "move (something) quickly to and fro, brandish; move the body or a part of it rapidly back and forth;" also "go, glide, hasten, flee, depart" (related to sceacdom "flight"); of persons or parts of the body, "to tremble" especially from fever, cold, fear" (class VI strong verb; past tense scoc, past participle scacen), from Proto-Germanic *skakanan (cognates: Old Norse, Swedish skaka, Danish skage "to shift, turn, veer"). No certain cognates outside Germanic, but some suggest a possible connection to Sanskrit khaj "to agitate, churn, stir about," Old Church Slavonic skoku "a leap, bound," Welsh ysgogi "move."
Of the earth in earthquakes, c. 1300. Meaning "seize and shake (someone or something else)" is from early 14c. In reference to mixing ingredients, etc., by shaking a container from late 14c. Meaning "to rid oneself of by abrupt twists" is from c. 1200, also in Middle English in reference to evading responsibility, etc. Meaning "weaken, impair" is from late 14c., on notion of "make unstable."
To shake hands dates from 1530s. Shake a (loose) leg "hurry up" first recorded 1904; shake a heel (sometimes foot) was an old way to say "to dance" (1660s); to shake (one's) elbow (1620s) meant "to gamble at dice." Phrase more _____ than you can shake a stick at is attested from 1818, American English. To shake (one's) head as a sign of disapproval is recorded from c. 1300. - shake (n.)
- late 14c., "charge, onrush," from shake (v.). Meaning "a hard shock" is from 1560s. From 1580s as "act of shaking;" 1660s as "irregular vibration." The hand-grip salutation so called by 1712. As a figure of instantaneous action, it is recorded from 1816. Phrase fair shake "honest deal" is attested from 1830, American English (Bartlett calls it "A New England vulgarism"). The shakes "nervous agitation" is from 1620s. Short for milk shake from 1911. Dismissive phrase no great shakes (1816, Byron) perhaps is from dicing.
双语例句
- 1. The government wanted to reform the institutions, to shake up the country.
- 政府想要实施机构改革，整顿国家。
来自柯林斯例句
- 2. While the water was heating she decided to shake out the carpet.
- 趁着烧水的时候，她决定将地毯抖抖干净。
来自柯林斯例句
- 3. I've even seen her shake Zara when she's been naughty.
- 我甚至见过她在扎拉淘气的时候使劲摇晃她。
来自柯林斯例句
- 4. Shareholders are preparing to shake things up in the boardrooms of America.
- 股东们正准备在美国的公司董事会议上作出重大调整。
来自柯林斯例句
- 5. No amount of reasoning could shake him out of his conviction.
- 再怎样跟他讲道理都不能让他放弃自己认准的事。
来自柯林斯例句