elf

• n. 小精灵；淘气鬼
• n. (Elf)人名；(芬、瑞典)埃尔夫

可能来自PIE*albho, 白，词源同album, albumen.即着白衣的精灵。

elf

elf: [OE] In Germanic legend, elves were potent supernatural beings, capable of exercising considerable magic powers to the benefit or harm of human beings. Their decline to their modern status as small mischievous sprites seems to have begun in the 16th century. The word comes from a prehistoric Germanic *albiz, a variant of which produced Old Norse álfr (source of English oaf [17]) and German alp ‘nightmare’.
=> oaf

elf (n.)

"one of a race of powerful supernatural beings in Germanic folklore," Old English elf (Mercian, Kentish), ælf (Northumbrian), ylfe (plural, West Saxon) "sprite, fairy, goblin, incubus," from Proto-Germanic *albiz (cognates: Old Saxon alf, Old Norse alfr, German alp "evil spirit, goblin, incubus"), origin unknown; according to Watkins, possibly from PIE *albho- "white." Used figuratively for "mischievous person" from 1550s.

In addition to elf/ælf (masc.), Old English had parallel form *elfen (fem.), the plural of which was *elfenna, -elfen, from Proto-Germanic *albinjo-. Both words survived into Middle English and were active there, the former as elf (with the vowel of the plural), plural elves, the latter as elven, West Midlands dialect alven (plural elvene).

The Germanic elf originally was dwarfish and malicious (compare elf-lock "knot in hair," Old English ælfadl "nightmare," ælfsogoða "hiccup," thought to be caused by elves); in the Middle Ages they were confused to some degree with faeries; the more noble version begins with Spenser. Nonetheless a popular component in Anglo-Saxon names, many of which survive as modern given names and surnames, such as Ælfræd "Elf-counsel" (Alfred), Ælfwine "Elf-friend" (Alvin), Ælfric "Elf-ruler" (Eldridge), also women's names such as Ælfflæd "Elf-beauty." Elf Lock hair tangled, especially by Queen Mab, "which it was not fortunate to disentangle" [according to Robert Nares' glossary of Shakespeare] is from 1592.

1. Nikola Tesla revealed in 1901 power could be transmitted through the ground using ELF waves.

尼考拉特斯拉1901年揭示能量能够通过ELF波经地面传输.

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2. Conclusions: Elf - 1 expression in endometrial carcinoma correlates with the malignant potential of this tumor.

结论: Elf -1 是判断子宫内膜癌恶性性的良好指标.

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3. Heart toxicity was not found in the ELF, but incidence was 12 . 5 % in the FAM.

ELF组未见心脏毒性, 而FAM为12.5%.

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4. The distribution of cell cycle time in ELF magnetic fields and at different temperatures are investigated.

测定在各种温度条件下和在ELF(极低频率)磁场作用下细胞生长周期分布谱的变化.

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5. The expression of Elf - 1 and Rb protein were not significantly different in several epidermal malignant tumor.

Elf -1 或Rb蛋白 的表达与表皮恶性肿瘤的组织学类型无关.

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